Bienvenida

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Today we will see the conditionals

Explicacion que es un condicional

CONDITIONALS

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Conditionals are used to speculate about what might happen, what may have happened, and what we would like to happen. In English, most sentences that use conditional tense contain the term "if". Many of the conditional constructions of English are used in sentences that include verbs in the past. This use is called "the unreal past" because we use a past verb tense but we are not referring to something that has actually happened. There are five main ways to construct conditional sentences in English. In all cases, they consist of a proposition or clause with "if" and a main proposition. In many negative conditional sentences there is an equivalent alternative construction that uses "unless" instead of "if".

Zero conditional

ZERO CONDITIONAL

Structure of the Conditional Zero

If + sujeto + present simple, sujeto + present simple

The order of the two sentences that make up the structure of the

conditional can be changed. If we start with the condition (If), we will

separate them with a comma. If we start with the phrase that expresses the

result, it is not necessary to put the comma.

• If water reaches 100ºC, it boils.  

• Water boils if it reaches 100ºC.

How is zero conditional used?

The zero conditional is used to express facts that are always true as, for example, scientific facts, scientific laws, general truths, etc.

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If I eat peanuts, I get ill.

First Conditional

FIRST CONDITIONAL

The structure of the first conditional

If + sujeto + present simple, sujeto + future simple

For the phrase of the future we mostly use the simple future with will, but we can also use the simple future with going to or a modal verb: can, might, should, or must.

• WILL: If the weather is nice on Sunday, we'll go on a picnic.
• GOING TO: If I don't have to go to work tomorrow, I am going to visit my parents.
• CAN: If the meeting finishes early, we can go for a drink. 
• MIGHT:If I have time this afternoon, I might wash my car.
• SHOULD: If they invite you, you should go.
• MUST: If you have any problems, you must call me.    

How is the first conditional used?

The first conditional is used to express future plans, threats, warnings, promises or to convince someone about something.

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If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go cycling.

Second Conditional

SECOND CONDITIONAL

The structure of the second conditional

I f +  subjec + past simple, subjec + would + verb en infinitive (without to)

Although with the personal pronouns I, he, she, and it the form was used as the past tense of the verb TO BE, in the conditional form, the form was used. You can also use could instead of would.

• I: If I were invisible for one day, I could play tricks on my friends
• HE: If he weren't so stubborn, he would admit he was wrong.
• SHE: If she were a good friend, she would help you.
• IT: If it were cheaper, I could buy it.

The order of the two sentences that make up the structure of the conditional can be changed. If we start with the If condition, we will separate them by a comma. If we start with the phrase that expresses the result, it is not necessary to put the comma.

If I ate less, I would lose weight.                          I would lose weight if I ate less.

 

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If I became President, I would change many things.

Third Conditional

THIRD CONDITIONAL

The structure of the third conditional

If + past perfect, subject + would + have + verb in past participle

Remember that to do the participle we must take into account if the verb is regular (it will

be formed by adding the particle -ed at the end of the verb) or irregular (3rd column of the

list of irrefutable verbs).

Sometimes, instead of other modal verbs like could, might:

WOULD:If I had remembered it was your birthay, I would have bought you a present.

COULD:If I had saved my money, I could have gone on holiday.

MIGHT:If we had had time, we might have gone to the beach.


Another characteristic of conditionals is that the order of the two sentences can be changed. If we start with the condition (If) we will separate them by a comma. If we start with the phrase that expresses the result, it is not necessary to put the comma.

If I had known your reaction, I wouldn't have told you.

I wouldn't have told you if I had known your reaction.

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If I had had famous parents, I would have had an amazing life.

exercises zero conditional

EXERCISES ZERO CONDITIONAL

                     

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1)If I don’t eat, ________________.

•  I die.
•  I would die.

2)Water becomes ice _________________.

•  if you freezes it.
•  if you freeze it.

3)If you drink alcoholic beverages, _________________.

•  drives carefully.
•  don’t drive.

4)If he doesn’t understand, _________________.

•  he will can ask me.
•  he can ask me.

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

5)

•  If you touch fire, you get burned.
•  If you touch fire you get burned.

6)

•  You go to jail if you commit a crime.
•  You go to jail, if you commit a crime.